Falls_Efficacy_Scale_International v.1
As an instrument to measure fear of falling by assessing both easy and difficult physical activities and social activities. FES-I is a modified version of the FES that would measure fear of falling by assessing both easy and difficult physical activities and social activities, a scale that could be suitable for use in international cultural contexts and facile to translate. The FES-I results range from 16 (no concern about falling) to 64 (severe concern about falling).
To calculate The Falls Efficacy Scale International version (FES-I) score and to measure fear of falling in mainly community-dwelling older population.
The 16 items in the FES-I scale are: 1. Cleaning the house (e.g. sweep, vacuum or dust) 2. Getting dressed or undressed 3. Preparing simple meals 4. Taking a bath or shower 5. Going to the shop 6. Getting in or out of a chair 7. Going up or down stairs 8. Walking around in the neighbourhood 9. Reaching for something above your head or on the ground 10. Going to answer the telephone before it stops ringing 11. Walking on a slippery surface (e.g. wet or icy) 12. Visiting a friend or relative 13. Walking in a place with crowds 14. Walking on an uneven surface (e.g. rocky ground, poorly maintained pavement) 15. Walking up or down a slope 16. Going out to a social event (e.g. religious service, family gathering or club meeting) Concern about fall risk with regard to the above activities is recorded on: Not at all concerned (+1), Somewhat concerned (+2), Fairly concerned (+3), Very concerned (+4) The FES-I results range from 16 (no concern about falling) to 64 (severe concern about falling).
This tool should not be considered as a substitute for any professional medical service, nor as a substitute for clinical judgement.
1. Yardley L, Beyer N, Hauer K, Kempen G, Piot-Ziegler C, Todd C. Development and initial validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Age Ageing. 2005 Nov;34(6):614-9. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afi196. PMID: 16267188. 2. Delbaere K, Close JC, Mikolaizak AS, Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Lord SR. The Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). A comprehensive longitudinal validation study. Age Ageing. 2010 Mar;39(2):210-6. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afp225. Epub 2010 Jan 8. PMID: 20061508. 3. Visschedijk JH, Terwee CB, Caljouw MA, Spruit-van Eijk M, van Balen R, Achterberg WP. Reliability and validity of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International after hip fracture in patients aged ≥ 65 years. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;37(23):2225-32. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2014.1002573. Epub 2015 Jan 14. PMID: 25586795. 4. Halvarsson A, Franzén E, Ståhle A. Assessing the relative and absolute reliability of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International questionnaire in elderly individuals with increased fall risk and the questionnaire's convergent validity in elderly women with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2013 Jun;24(6):1853-8. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-2197-1. Epub 2012 Nov 3. PMID: 23124715. 5. Hauer K, Yardley L, Beyer N, Kempen G, Dias N, Campbell M, Becker C, Todd C. Validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale and Falls Efficacy Scale International in geriatric patients with and without cognitive impairment: results of self-report and interview-based questionnaires. Gerontology. 2010;56(2):190-9. doi: 10.1159/000236027. Epub 2009 Sep 2. PMID: 19729878. 6. Morgan MT, Friscia LA, Whitney SL, Furman JM, Sparto PJ. Reliability and validity of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) in individuals with dizziness and imbalance. Otol Neurotol. 2013 Aug;34(6):1104-8. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e318281df5d. PMID: 23542134; PMCID: PMC3701738.
OBSERVATION.fes-i_.v0, EVALUATION.fes_i_interpretation.v0
